but 的基础用法

1. but 从根本上是个连词，连接两个对等的部分，最常见的意思是指：但是、不过，用来表示转折或是相反的语气

• I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我以前本可以写，但我生病了。
• They see the trees but (they do not see) the forest. 句子中的部分可以省略
• My friend Lisa is smart but shy. 我的朋友 Lisa 很聪明，但是很害羞
• This snack is good to eat but hard to find. 这一款点心很好吃，但很难找到
• The restaurant is very nice, but the food there is too expensive. 这件餐厅很棒，不过那边的事物太贵了（通常只有当 but 连接两个句子时，前面需要加上逗号）

but 的其他用法

一、but + 短语 做句子的状语

• He tried to save it, but in vain. 他试图挽救它，但没有成功。 but + 介词短语作结果状语

• He worked very hard, but without success.他工作很努力，但没有成功， but+介词短语做结果状语

• She glanced qucikly about, but seeing only the empty room. 她迅速扫视了一下四周，但只看到了空房间。but + ing 分词作结果状语

二、but 用作连词，表示让步关系，意思是“除非，要不是“，常与 that 一起构成 but that，相当于 “if…not”

• I would have failed but that your helped me. 要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败。

三、but 用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，可相当于 that not.

• Never a month passed but she writes to her parents. 她没有一个有不给她双亲写信。

四、but 用于否定词加 doubt,question,deny 等到之后，没有实在意义，只相当于关系连词 that.

• There’s no doubt but he is a thief. 毫无疑问，他是一个贼。

五、but 用作介词，表示 “除了，相当于 besides, except.”

• No one knows him but she. 除了她，没有人认识她。

六、but 用作副词，相当于 only, 常译为 “只不过，仅仅“

• He finished his homework but ten minutes ago. 他十分钟前刚完成作业。

七、buy 用作代词，表示从属关系，在否定句中常相当于 who/that not 例如：

• There is no one but likes to help him. 没有人不认识他。

but 的高级用法

1.如果想表达 “每当…总是”，“即便在非常不利的情况下，也能” 这样的意思。

• I never/hardly/scarcely/do not go past his grave but I think of him. 每次我路过他的墓，就会想到他。因为but是否定，所以这是双重否定，表示彻底肯定。
• we never go to match but it rains. 我们一比赛，天就下雨：
• He never passed one day but he phoned his girlfriend. 没有一天他不给女朋友大电话。
• He never speaks but she contradicts him. 他一讲话，她就顶撞他
• It never rains but it pours. 不下雨则已，下则倾盆。

2.完全肯定词加 but 表示否定的态度；

完全肯定词： anything everyone, everywhere, everything, who, whose, all

• He talked of anything but painting. 否定 painting， 他不讨论画画的事。

• He never talked of anything but painting. 除了绘画，他什么都不谈

• He took everhthing but that book. 对那本书彻底否定的态度， 他不拿那本书。

• Everyone has known it but you. 你太蠢了，只有你不知道。

• All but he had fled. 别人都跑，只有他没跑。

• Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了蠢货，还有谁会做这种事？

• whose faults is it but hers? 不是她的错，还能是谁的错？

省略前面的完全肯定词

• Our world is but a small part of the cosmos. 我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已.

3. 完全否定词加 but，表示肯定

完全否定词： nothing, none, nobody, nowhere

• you will have nobody but youself to blame for this mistake. 所有人都不赖，就赖你。

• No one but me knows what really happened. 只有我，别人都不知道。

• She looks nothing but well. 看上去还有些健康。

• With nothing but his own talent, he made himself rich and famous. 什么都不靠，只靠他的才能

如果用肯定词 anything + but，是彻底否定

• with anything but his own talent, he made himself a prisoner. 他吃喝嫖赌都干，就是不利用自己的才能，结果锒铛入狱。

4. but 的虚拟语气

but for 加短语，主句用虚拟语气

• but for the rain, we would have arrived on time. 要不是下雨，

• But for your coming, I should have been very lonely. 要不是你来了

but that 加从句

• but that he was prevented, he would have finished his design. 他本来可以完成设计，但被阻止了。

• He would have said no, but that I was afraid. 他害怕了，原本他会拒绝了。

补充

• But for 要不是、除了
• But then (again) 话说回來、仔细一想
• Not only… but also… 不仅⋯而且⋯
• All but 几乎、差不多
• Cannot help but 不得不、忍不住、只好