本文用于记录CMake学习
CMake是一个跨平台的安装(编译)工具,可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装(编译过程)。他能够输出各种各样的makefile或者project文件,能测试编译器所支持的C++特性,类似UNIX下的automake。只是 CMake 的组态档取名为 CMakeLists.txt。Cmake 并不直接建构出最终的软件,而是产生标准的建构档(如 Unix 的 Makefile 或 Windows Visual C++ 的 projects/workspaces),然后再依一般的建构方式使用。这使得熟悉某个集成开发环境(IDE)的开发者可以用标准的方式建构他的软件,这种可以使用各平台的原生建构系统的能力是 CMake 和 SCons 等其他类似系统的区别之处。
简单来说就是当多个人用不同的语言或者编译器开发同一个项目,最终需要输出一个可执行文件或者共享库(dll,so等),这个时候就可以利用CMake了(如果你不使用CMake,你可能就需要利用gcc/g++去逐个编译),所有的操作都是通过变异CMakeLists.txt来完成的。
绝大多数的linux系统已经安装了CMake
yum -y install cmake
Windows或某些没有安装过的linux系统,去http://www.cmake.org/HTML/Download.htm下载安装
使用平台为centos 7
写一个HelloWorld
#include int main(){
std::cout << "hello word" << std::endl;
}
写CMakeLists.txt(注意大小写)
PROJECT (HELLO)SET(SRC_LIST main.cpp)MESSAGE(STATUS "This is BINARY dir " ${HELLO_BINARY_DIR})MESSAGE(STATUS "This is SOURCE dir "${HELLO_SOURCE_DIR})ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SRC_LIST})
使用cmake,生成makefile文件
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# cmake . // .表示当前目录
输出
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:Syntax Warning in cmake code at/learning/cmake_learning/CMakeLists.txt:7:37Argument not separated from preceding token by whitespace.
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- This is BINARY dir /learning/cmake_learning
-- This is SOURCE dir /learning/cmake_learning
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning
目录下就生成了这些文件-CMakeFiles, CMakeCache.txt, cmake_install.cmake 等文件,并且生成了Makefile.现在不需要理会这些文件的作用,以后你也可以不去理会。最关键的是,它自动生成了Makefile.
使用make命令编译
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# make
输出
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
生成可执行文件hello并执行
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# ls
CMakeCache.txt cmake_install.cmake hello Makefile
CMakeFiles CMakeLists.txt main.cpp
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# ./hello
hello world
project关键字可以用来指定工程的名字和支持的语言,默认支持所有语言
PROJECT (HELLO) 指定了工程的名字,并且支持所有语言—建议
PROJECT (HELLO CXX) 指定了工程的名字,并且支持语言是C++
PROJECT (HELLO C CXX) 指定了工程的名字,并且支持语言是C和C++
PROJECT (HELLO C CXX JAVA) 指定了工程的名字,并且支持语言是C、C++和JAVA
语言名要大写
该指令隐式定义了两个CMAKE的变量
_BINARY_DIR,本例中是 HELLO_BINARY_DIR_SOURCE_DIR,本例中是 HELLO_SOURCE_DIR
这个两个变量都指向当前的工作目录
MESSAGE关键字就可以直接使用这两个变量,都指向当前的工作目录,后面会讲外部编译
问题:如果改了工程名,这两个变量名也会改变(请回头看一眼CMakeLists.txt文件)
解决:CMake预定义两个变量PROJECT_BINARY_DIRPROJECT_SOURCE_DIR,这两个变量和HELLO_BINARY_DIR,HELLO_SOURCE_DIR是一致的。所以改了工程名也没有关系
即可以将上述CMakeLists.txt文件中的
MESSAGE(STATUS "This is BINARY dir " ${HELLO_BINARY_DIR})
MESSAGE(STATUS "This is SOURCE dir "${HELLO_SOURCE_DIR})替换为MESSAGE(STATUS "This is BINARY dir " ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
MESSAGE(STATUS "This is SOURCE dir "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
SET关键字用来显示指定的变量
SET(SRC_LIST main.cpp) SRC_LIST变量就包含了main.cpp
// 假设还存在t1.cpp t2.cppSET(SRC_LIST main.cpp t1.cpp t2.cpp)
MESSAGE关键字主要用于向终端输出用户自定义的信息,主要包含三种信息
ADD_EXECUTABLE关键字用于生成可执行文件
ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SRC_LIST}) 生成的可执行文件名是hello,源文件读取变量SRC_LIST中的内容,也可以直接写 ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp)
上述例子可以简化的写成
PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp)
注意:工程名的 HELLO 和生成的可执行文件 hello 是没有任何关系的
变量使用${}方式取值,但是在 IF 控制语句中是直接使用变量名
指令(参数 1 参数 2…) 参数使用括弧括起,参数之间使用空格或分号分开。 以上面的 ADD_EXECUTABLE 指令为例,如果存在另外一个 func.cpp 源文件就要写成:ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp func.cpp)或者ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp;func.cpp)
指令是大小写无关的,参数和变量是大小写相关的。但推荐你全部使用大写指令
还是上述那个例子
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# ls -l
总用量 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 196 11月 28 16:33 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 77 11月 28 16:31 main.cpp
在当前目录下建立一个build目录(可以在任何目录下,建议当前目录下)
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# mkdir build
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# ls
build CMakeLists.txt main.cpp
进入build,运行cmake .. 当然…表示上一级目录,你可以写CMakeLists.txt所在的绝对路径,生产的文件都在build目录下了
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# cd build/
[root@localhost build]# cmake ..
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:Syntax Warning in cmake code at/learning/cmake_learning/CMakeLists.txt:7:37Argument not separated from preceding token by whitespace.
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- This is BINARY dir /learning/cmake_learning/build
-- This is SOURCE dir /learning/cmake_learning
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning/build
在build目录下,运行make来构建工程
[root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
[root@localhost build]# ls -l
总用量 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12023 11月 28 16:36 CMakeCache.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 232 11月 28 16:36 CMakeFiles
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1594 11月 28 16:36 cmake_install.cmake
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 71776 11月 28 16:36 hello
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4680 11月 28 16:36 Makefile
注意外部构建的两个变量
1、HELLO_SOURCE_DIR 还是工程路径
2、HELLO_BINARY_DIR 编译路径 也就是 /learning/cmake_learning/bulid
注意:每个目录下都需要有一个CMakeLists.txt文件
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# tree
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── main.cpp2 directories, 3 files
最外层(.目录下)CMakeLists.txt内容
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# cat CMakeLists.txt
PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY 指令
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(source_dir [binary_dir] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL])
这个指令用于向当前工程添加存放源文件的子目录,并可以指定中间二进制和目标二进制存放的位置
EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL函数是将写的目录从编译中排除,如程序中的example
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
将 src 子目录加入工程并指定编译输出(包含编译中间结果)路径为bin 目录
如果不进行 bin 目录的指定,那么编译结果(包括中间结果)都将存放在build/src 目录
src目录下
[root@localhost src]# cat CMakeLists.txt
ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello main.cpp)
build目录下
[root@localhost build]# pwd
/learning/cmake_learning/build
[root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:No cmake_minimum_required command is present. A line of code such ascmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)should be added at the top of the file. The version specified may be lowerif you wish to support older CMake versions for this project. For moreinformation run "cmake --help-policy CMP0000".
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning/build
[root@localhost build]# ls
bin CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile
[root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o
Linking CXX executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
[root@localhost build]# ls
bin CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile
[root@localhost build]# cd bin
[root@localhost bin]# ls
CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake hello Makefile
[root@localhost bin]# ./hello
hello world
在这里再解释一下ADD_SUBDIRECTORY指令,根据最后的结果可以看到,可执行文件hello是在src/bin/下,这就验证了开始所说的将构建后的目标文件放入构建目录的 bin 子目录。
删除build目录下的内容
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# tree
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── main.cpp
创建部分文件
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# touch COPYRIGHT
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# mkdir doc
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# cd doc/
[root@localhost doc]# touch hello.txt
[root@localhost doc]# cd ..
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# touch README
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# touch runhello.sh
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 28 18:38 build
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 41 11月 28 17:53 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 28 18:40 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 23 11月 28 18:41 doc
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 28 18:41 README
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 28 18:42 runhello.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 44 11月 28 17:50 src
目录树结构为:
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# tree
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── COPYRIGHT
├── doc
│ └── hello.txt
├── README
├── runhello.sh
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── main.cpp3 directories, 7 files
使用CMAKE一个新的指令:INSTALL
INSTALL的安装可以包括:二进制、动态库、静态库以及文件、目录、脚本等
使用CMAKE一个新的变量:CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# vim CMakeLists.txt PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
INSTALL(FILES COPYRIGHT README DESTINATION share/doc/cmake)
FILES:表示安装文件
DESTINATION:表示路径
写绝对路径
可以写相对路径,相对路径实际路径是:
${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 默认是在 /usr/local/
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
在cmake的时候指定CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX变量的路径
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# vim CMakeLists.txt PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
INSTALL(FILES COPYRIGHT README DESTINATION share/doc/cmake)
INSTALL(PROGRAMS runhello.sh DESTINATION bin)
PROGRAMS:表示安装的是非目标文件的可执行程序安装(比如脚本之类)
INSTALL(PROGRAMS runhello.sh DESTINATION bin)
说明:实际安装到的是 /usr/local/bin
两种方式
是通过在 doc 目录建立CMakeLists.txt ,通过install下的file
是直接在工程目录通过
INSTALL(DIRECTORY doc/ DESTINATION share/doc/cmake)
这里采用第二种
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# vim CMakeLists.txt PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(src bin)
INSTALL(FILES COPYRIGHT README DESTINATION share/doc/cmake)
INSTALL(PROGRAMS runhello.sh DESTINATION bin)
INSTALL(DIRECTORY doc/ DESTINATION share/doc/cmake)
DIRECTORY 后面连接的是所在 Source 目录的相对路径
注意:abc 和 abc/有很大的区别
目录名不以/结尾:这个目录将被安装为目标路径下的
目录名以/结尾:将这个目录中的内容安装到目标路径
[root@localhost cmake_learning]# cd build/
[root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:No cmake_minimum_required command is present. A line of code such ascmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)should be added at the top of the file. The version specified may be lowerif you wish to support older CMake versions for this project. For moreinformation run "cmake --help-policy CMP0000".
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning/build
[root@localhost build]# ll
总用量 28
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 67 11月 28 19:23 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12353 11月 28 19:23 CMakeCache.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 215 11月 28 19:23 CMakeFiles
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2730 11月 28 19:23 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5735 11月 28 19:23 Makefile
[root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o
Linking CXX executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
[root@localhost build]# ll
总用量 28
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 80 11月 28 19:24 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12353 11月 28 19:23 CMakeCache.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 215 11月 28 19:24 CMakeFiles
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2730 11月 28 19:23 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5735 11月 28 19:23 Makefile
[root@localhost build]# ll bin/
总用量 28
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 84 11月 28 19:23 CMakeFiles
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1152 11月 28 19:23 cmake_install.cmake
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 71776 11月 28 19:24 hello
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6703 11月 28 19:23 Makefile
[root@localhost build]# make install
[100%] Built target hello
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/doc/cmake/COPYRIGHT
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/doc/cmake/README
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/runhello.sh
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/doc/cmake
-- Installing: /usr/local/share/doc/cmake/hello.txt
新建了一个目录 /learning/cmake_learning_1/
任务:
静态库和动态库的区别
当N个人共用一份代码时,就可以使用动态库,如果不一样,那就使用静态裤。
[root@localhost cmake_learning_1]# tree
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── lib├── CMakeLists.txt├── hello.cpp└── hello.h2 directories, 4 files
hello.h中的内容
#ifndef HELLO_H
#define Hello_Hvoid HelloFunc();#endif
hello.cpp中的内容
#include "hello.h"
#include
void HelloFunc(){std::cout << "Hello World" << std::endl;
}
项目中的CMakeLists.txt中的内容
PROJECT(HELLO)
ADD_SUBDIRECTORY(lib bin)
lib中CMakeLists.txt中的内容
SET(LIBHELLO_SRC hello.cpp)
ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})
ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})
// 如果用这种方式,只会构建一个动态库,不会构建出静态库,虽然静态库的后缀是.a
ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})
ADD_LIBRARY(hello STATIC ${LIBHELLO_SRC})// 修改静态库的名字,这样是可以的,但是我们往往希望他们的名字是相同的,只是后缀不同而已
ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})
ADD_LIBRARY(hello_static STATIC ${LIBHELLO_SRC})
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES这条指令可以用来设置输出的名称,对于动态库,还可以用来指定动态库版本和 API 版本
同时构建静态和动态库
SET(LIBHELLO_SRC hello.cpp)ADD_LIBRARY(hello_static STATIC ${LIBHELLO_SRC})//对hello_static的重名为hello
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello_static PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
//cmake 在构建一个新的target 时,会尝试清理掉其他使用这个名字的库,因为,在构建 libhello.so 时, 就会清理掉 libhello.a
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello_static PROPERTIES CLEAN_DIRECT_OUTPUT 1)ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES CLEAN_DIRECT_OUTPUT 1)
一般动态库都有一个版本号的关联
libhello.so.1.2
libhello.so ->libhello.so.1
libhello.so.1->libhello.so.1.2
CMakeLists.txt 插入如下
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES VERSION 1.2 SOVERSION 1)
VERSION 指代动态库版本,SOVERSION 指代 API 版本。
本例中我们将 hello 的共享库安装到/lib目录,
将 hello.h 安装到/include/hello 目录
SET(LIBHELLO_SRC hello.cpp)ADD_LIBRARY(hello_static STATIC ${LIBHELLO_SRC})//对hello_static的重名为hello
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello_static PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
//cmake 在构建一个新的target 时,会尝试清理掉其他使用这个名字的库,因为,在构建 libhello.so 时, 就会清理掉 libhello.a
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello_static PROPERTIES CLEAN_DIRECT_OUTPUT 1)ADD_LIBRARY(hello SHARED ${LIBHELLO_SRC})SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "hello")
SET_TARGET_PROPERTIES(hello PROPERTIES CLEAN_DIRECT_OUTPUT 1)
//文件放到该目录下
INSTALL(FILES hello.h DESTINATION include/hello)//二进制,静态库,动态库安装都用TARGETS
//ARCHIVE 特指静态库,LIBRARY 特指动态库,RUNTIME 特指可执行目标二进制。
INSTALL(TARGETS hello hello_static LIBRARY DESTINATION lib ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib)
注意:
安装的时候,指定一下路径,放到系统下
cmake -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr .. // .. 表示上一级目录
准备工作:建立一个新的目录 /learning/cmake_learing_2/
[root@localhost cmake_learning_2]# tree
.
├── build
├── CMakeLists.txt
└── src├── CMakeLists.txt└── main.cpp
main.cpp
#include int main(){HelloFunc();
}
[root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:No cmake_minimum_required command is present. A line of code such ascmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)should be added at the top of the file. The version specified may be lowerif you wish to support older CMake versions for this project. For moreinformation run "cmake --help-policy CMP0000".
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning_2/build
[root@localhost build]# ls
bin CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile
[root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o
/learning/cmake_learning_2/src/main.cpp:1:19: 致命错误:hello.h:没有那个文件或目录#include ^
编译中断。
make[2]: *** [bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] 错误 2
make: *** [all] 错误 2
第一种:include
第二种:利用关键字:INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES 这条指令可以用来向工程添加多个特定的头文件搜索路径,路径之间用空格分割
在CMakeLists.txt中加入头文件搜索路径
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(/usr/include/hello)
[root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
CMake Warning (dev) in CMakeLists.txt:No cmake_minimum_required command is present. A line of code such ascmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)should be added at the top of the file. The version specified may be lowerif you wish to support older CMake versions for this project. For moreinformation run "cmake --help-policy CMP0000".
This warning is for project developers. Use -Wno-dev to suppress it.-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /learning/cmake_learning_2/build
[root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building CXX object bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o
Linking CXX executable hello
CMakeFiles/hello.dir/main.o:在函数‘main’中:
main.cpp:(.text+0x8):对‘HelloFunc()’未定义的引用
collect2: 错误:ld 返回 1
make[2]: *** [bin/hello] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [bin/CMakeFiles/hello.dir/all] 错误 2
make: *** [all] 错误 2
报错信息:undefined reference to `HelloFunc()’
关键字:LINK_DIRECTORIES 添加非标准的共享库搜索路径
指定第三方库所在路径,LINK_DIRECTORIES(/home/myproject/libs)
关键字:TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES 添加需要链接的共享库
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES的时候,只需要给出动态链接库的名字就行了。
在CMakeLists.txt中插入链接共享库,主要要插在executable的后面
注意:64位的虚拟机需要执行一下mv操作, 就可以执行./hello 了
[root@localhost bin]# ./hello
./hello: error while loading shared libraries: libhello.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost bin]# mv /usr/lib/libhello.so /usr/lib64/
链接静态库
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main libhello.a)
特殊的环境变量 CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH 和 CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH
注意:这两个是环境变量而不是 cmake 变量,可以在linux的bash中进行设置
我们上面例子中使用了绝对路径INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(/usr/include/hello)来指明include路径的位置
我们还可以使用另外一种方式,使用环境变量export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/hello
补充:生产debug版本的方法:
cmake … -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug
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